Demeclocycline Hydrochloride

Indications

Demeclocycline Hydrochloride is used for: Atypical pneumonia, Hyponatraemia

Adult Dose

Oral Susceptible infections Adult: 600 mg daily in 2 or 4 divided doses. Atypical pneumonia Adult: 900 mg daily in 3 divided doses for 6 days. Chronic hyponatraemia associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Adult: Initially, 900-1,200 mg daily in divided doses. Maintenance: 600-900 mg daily in divided doses. Hepatic impairment: Max: 1 g daily.

Child Dose

Child: Not recommended for childn <12 yr.

Renal Dose

Administration

Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take w/ a full glass of water on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.

Contra Indications

Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy and lactation.

Precautions

Children <12 yr; SLE; renal or hepatic disease. Lactation: enters breast milk/not recommended by manufacturer

Pregnancy-Lactation

Pregnancy Avoid during pregnancy; use alternant antibiotics Tetracycline use during tooth development (last one-half of pregnancy through age 8 y) can cause permanent discoloration of teeth Lactation Tetracyclines are excreted in breastmilk Avoided in breastfeeding women due to theoretical concerns that they may permanently stain the teeth of the breastfed infants

Interactions

Reduced absorption w/ antacids containing Al, Mg, or Ca, Fe-containing preparations, zinc, kaolin, quinapril, strontium ranelate, sucralfate, tripotassium dicitratobismuthate. May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives and penicillins. Increased risk of benign intracranial HTN w/ retinoids (e.g. acitretin, isotretinoin, tretinoin). Increased risk of ergotism w/ ergotamine and methysergide. May inactivate oral typhoid vaccine. May potentiate the effect of anticoagulants. Potentially Fatal: Concurrent use w/ methoxyflurane may result to fatal renal toxicity.

Side Effects

Side effects of Demeclocycline Hydrochloride : Photosensitivity. Reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Permanent staining of teeth; nausea; rash; GI upsets; dysphagia; enterocolitis; anogenital inflammation (moniliasis). Hypersensitivity; haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia; raised blood urea and liver enzymes. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis (rare).

Mode of Action

Demeclocycline inhibits protein synthesis by binding w/ the 30S and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. It may also cause alterations in the cytoplasmic membrane. It inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in patients w/ chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).